Uwo Muntu Nguyu

Icyo buri muntu wese akwiye kuba, ariko undi muntu wese atigeze aba.

“Nuko Yesu asohoka yambaye ikamba ry'amahwa n'umwenda w'umuhengeri, Pilato arababwira ati “Uwo muntu nguyu!’” (Yohana 19:5)

Ese Pilato yari azi, ubwo yavugaga ayo magambo, ko yari arimo kuvuga no kuzuza ubuhanuzi bwa Zekariya 6:12, bugira buti: “Dore, uwo muntu nguyu!”? Birashoboka cyane ko atari abizi! Nyamara amagambo ya Zekariya yerekezaga kuri Yesu mu buryo butaziguye nk’uko n’amagambo ya Pilato yabigenje ubwo yamwerekaga rubanda.

Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki Pilato yakoresheje risobanura “umuntu” nk’umwe mu bwoko bw’abantu, bidafite aho rihuriye n’igitsina cye. Ariko ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe na Zekariya risobanura “umugabo” mu buryo bugaragaza igitsina gabo, mu buryo butandukanye n’igitsina gore. Ibi bisobanuro byombi birakora kuri Yesu. Ni we shusho itunganye y’ibyo byombi: ikiremwamuntu n’ubugabo. Ni icyo buri mugabo wese akwiriye kuba cyo, ariko nta wundi mugabo wigeze kubiba.

Kwigira umuntu kw’Imana mu muntu wa Yesu byari byarahanuwe n’abahanuzi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Yesaya yaravuze ati: “Dore Umwari azasama inda, azabyara umwana w'umuhungu amwite izina Imanweli” (Yesaya 7:14). Muri Matayo 1:23, izina ry’igiheburayo Imanweli risobanurwa ngo “Imana iri kumwe natwe.” “Umuryango wa Imanweli” ni “umuryango w’Imana-muntu,” uhuza kamere ebyiri z’Imana n’umuntu.

Umwana w’Umuntu

Izina Yesu yakunze kwiyita we ubwe kurusha ayandi yose ni “Umwana w’umuntu.” Iri zina rihuye n’interuro y’igiheburayo “ben Adam,” ubisobanuye uko amagambo ari wavuga “Umwana wa Adamu.” Bityo, rishyira Yesu mu buryo bugaragara nk’umwe wo mu rubyaro rwa Adamu. Ibijyanye n’ibi, Pawulo nawe amwita “Adamu wa nyuma” (1 Abakorinto 15:45).

Ubumuntu nyakuri bwa Yesu nabwo buragaragazwa cyane mu yandi magambo yose yo mu Isezerano Rishya. Urugero, umwanditsi w’Ibaruwa y’Abaheburayo avuga kuri We ati: “Nuko rero nk'uko abana bahuje umubiri n'amaraso, ni ko na we ubwe yahuje ibyo na bo... Kandi rero tuzi yuko atari abamarayika yatabaye, keretse urubyaro rwa Aburahamu” (Abaheburayo 2:14, 16). Yesu yari urubyaro rutaziguye rwa Aburahamu, bityo rero akaba n’urwa Adamu. Ntiyafashe akamero k’abamarayika, ahubwo yafashe akamero nyakuri k’abantu.

Ibisekuruza bya Yesu uko bigaragara muri buri Vanjili bijyanye n’uko buri Vanjili imugaragaza. Matayo areba ibisekuru bye ahereye kuri Aburahamu, agaragaza ko ari umwe n’Abisirayeli (Matayo 1:1–17). Luka areba ibisekuru bye arebeye kuri Adamu, agaragaza ko ari umwe n’abantu bose bo ku isi (Luka 3:23–38). Yohana we amugaragaza atarebeye ku bisekuruza by’abantu, ahubwo nka Jambo w’iteka ryose, Ubana n’Imana (Yohana 1:1–2). Na Mariko kandi ntiyerekana inkomoko ya Yesu, ariko ku mpamvu itandukanye: nk’uko umuco wa kera wari umeze, umugaragu (cyangwa imbata) ntiyabaga akeneye igisekuruza.

Nubwo yahindutse umuntu wuzuye, Yesu ntiyigeze areka kuba Imana. Muri We, hahuriyemo Imana n’umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye.

Imiterere Ibiri ku rugero rukwiye

Imiterere ibiri y’Imana n’iy’umuntu iri muri Yesu igaragazwa neza mu mirongo itandukanye y’Ubutumwa Bwiza. Muri Yohana 4:5–14 dusoma uko Yesu, nk’Umuntu, yananiwe mu mubiri maze yicara ku iriba rya Yakobo. Ariko hashize akanya gato, yavuganye n’umugore w’Umusamariyakazi nk’Imana, ati: “ariko unywa amazi nzamuha ntazagira inyota rwose iteka ryose, ahubwo amazi nzamuha azamuhindukiramo isoko y'amazi adudubiza kugeza mu bugingo buhoraho.” Muri ayo magambo Yesu yivuze nk’Imana ya Isirayeli, Iyo umwanditsi wa zaburi yavuze ati: “Kuko aho uri ari ho hari isōko y'ubugingo” (Zaburi 36:10).

Ku Nyanja ya Galilaya, Yesu yakiriye kuramya kwa Petero nk’Imana, ubwo Petero yikubitaga imbere ye agapfukama, arira ati:

“Va aho ndi Databuja, kuko ndi umunyabyaha!” (Luka 5:8)

Ariko nyuma, kuri iyo nyanja ya Galilaya nyine, Yesu nk’umuntu yasinziririye mu bwato, maze abigishwa be bagomba kumukangura (Luka 8:23–24).

Mu Kuva 3:13–14, Uwiteka yahishuriye Mose izina rye ryera, ridahinduka, ariryo“NDIHO.” Hashize ibinyejana bigera kuri cumi na bitanu, mu busitani bwa Getsemani, Yesu yimenyesheje abari baje kumufata, avuga ayo magambo neza neza, ati “Ndiho” (Yohana 18:8). (uko byavuzwe n’abasemuzi b’Ikinyarwanda [no mu Cyongereza] nka “Ni jye” ntibiboneka mu nyandiko y’umwimerere.) Iri zina ryera, igihe ryavugwaga na Nyiraryo w’ukuri, ryari rifite imbaraga z’Imana ku buryo abari baje bahagurukiye Yesu bose “bagenzeje imigongo bagwa hasi” (Yohana 18:5–6). Ibi byari ubuhamya k’ubumana bwe budahinduka. Ariko guhera icyo gihe, Yesu yakomeje kwihanganira isoni n’ububabare bw’urubanza rwe, gukubitwa no kubambwa nk’umuntu.

Umwana W’icyitegererezo

Muri Abefeso 1:5, Pawulo avuga ku bizera bose ko Imana “yari yariyemeje kutugira abana bayo tubiheshejwe na Yesu Kristo.” Kandi muri Abaroma 8:29, akomeza asobanura birushijeho umugambi w’Imana ku bana bayo:

“kuko abo [Imana] yamenye kera yabatoranirije kera gushushanywa n'ishusho y'Umwana wayo, kugira ngo [Yesu] abe imfura muri bene se benshi.”

Bityo rero, Yesu ni Umwana w’icyitegererezo—ni We tugomba gushushanywa nawe kugira ngo tugere ku gutungana cyangwa ku gukura mu buryo bwuzuye. We ubwe ni we “nzira nshya kandi y’ubugingo” idufasha “gukomeza kwegera imbere ngo tugere aho dutunganirizwa rwose,” “kwinjira ahera cyane,” no “kwegera Imana” (reba Abaheburayo 6:1; 10:19–22). Inzira yatumye Yesu agera ku gutungana ni yo buri wese muri twe agomba gukurikira.

Inzira yo gukura mu buryo bw’umwuka ntiyari yoroshye kuri Yesu kimwe n’uko itoroshye kuri twe. “Yageragejwe uburyo bwose nkatwe, keretse yuko atigeze akora icyaha” (Abaheburayo 4:15). Muri kamere ye nk’umuntu, Yesu yahuye n’ibigeragezo byose natwe duhura nabyo—ariko ntiyigeze atsindwa ngo akore icyaha. Ni ngombwa cyane ko tumenya ko kugeragezwa atari icyaha! Icyaha kiza gusa iyo twemeye gukurikira ibyo ikigeragezo gishaka.

Ni iki cyatumye Yesu, nubwo yari umuntu nyakuri, atsinda ibigeragezo byose? Icyari ishingiro ry’intsinzi ye iri mu mutima umwe, wo kwiyemeza kudahindagurika: gukora ibyo Data ashaka. Ibi byari byarahanuwe na Dawidi muri Zaburi 40:7–8, agira ati: “Nuko ndavuga nti ‘Dore ndaje Mana, Mu muzingo w'igitabo ni ko byanditswe kuri jye, Nzanywe no gukora ibyo ushaka.’” (Gereranya n’Abaheburayo 10:7.)

Mu gihe cy’umurimo we hano ku isi, Yesu yakomeje kugaragaza kenshi ko ibi ari byo byari ishingiro ry’ibyo yakoraga byose. Ntiyashoboraga kunyurwa byuzuye atarasoza neza buri murimo Se yamuhaye gukora. Ku iriba rya Yakobo yabwiye abigishwa be ati: “Ibyokurya byanjye [ibintunga kandi bikankomeza] ni ugukora ibyo uwantumye ashaka, no kurangiza umurimo we” (Yohana 4:34). Mu biganiro byakurikiyeho, yabisubiyemo inshuro ebyiri agira ati: “kuko ntakurikiza ibyo nkunda ubwanjye, ahubwo nkurikiza ibyo uwantumye akunda” (Yohana 5:30); “Kuko ntavanywe mu ijuru no gukora ibyo nishakiye, ahubwo nazanywe no gukora ibyo uwantumye ashaka,” (Yohana 6:38).

Mu isengesho rye rikomeye nk’Umutambyi Mukuru, ubwo yari asoje umurimo we hano ku isi, Yesu yabashije kubwira Se ati: “Narangije umurimo wampaye gukora” (Yohana 17:4). Ku ndunduro, mu minota ya nyuma y’ububabare bwe ku musaraba, yavuze rya jwi rikomeye ry’intsinzi ati: “Birarangiye!” (Yohana 19:30). Atigeze anyeganyega cyangwa ngo acike intege, atanze ubuzima Bwe, Yesu yarangije neza umurimo Se yari yamuhaye. Hamwe n’ibyo byiringiro, yatanze ubugingo bwe mu maboko ya Se (Luka 23:46).

Impamvu kimwe n’iyo yarinze Yesu icyaha ikamugeza ku ntsinzi yuzuye, izadufasha natwe. Tugomba kugera aho dufata umwanzuro wo kugira umutima umwe udacogora, wemeza ko intego nyamukuru y’ubuzima bwacu, nk’abana b’Imana, ari ugukora ibyo Data wo mu ijuru ashaka. Iyo buri cyifuzo cyangwa intego byacu bwite byose ishyizwe munsi y’iyo mpamvu imwe iruta izindi, dushobora kuneshwa rimwe na rimwe cyangwa tukagwa, ariko icyaha ntikizongera kutuganza, kandi intsinzi ya nyuma izaba iyacu.

Ubutungane n’Ubudahemuka Bihanganye

Muri Yesaya 11:5, umuhanuzi agaragaza ibintu bibiri bifitanye isano mu mico ya Yesu: “Gukiranuka kuzaba umushumi akenyeza, kandi umurava uzaba umushumi wo mu rukenyerero rwe.” Gukiranuka ni umwifato ukwiye ku Mana; umurava (cyangwa ubudahemuka) ni umwifato ukwiye ku bantu. Uko ibi bikurikirana ni ingenzi. Gukiranuka kuza mbere y’ubudahemuka. Inshingano yacu ku Mana ni yo ibanza. Ntidufite uburenganzira bwo kwiyemeza ikintu cyose ku muntu cyabangamira ibyo dusabwa ku Mana. Ariko, iyo ibyo Imana idusaba byubahirijwe uko bikwiye, ubudahemuka busaba ko twubahiriza buri nshingano n’ibyo twiyemeje ku bantu.

Buri gihe habaho ko bishobora kugorana guhuza gukiranuka n’ubudahemuka—ni ukuvuga, mu gushaka gushyira mu buryo bukwiriye ibyo Imana idusaba n’ibyo abantu badusaba. Ubuzima bwa Yesu n’inyigisho ze biduha ingero zitandukanye z’uko iki kibazo cyakemurwa.

Mu gusobanura amategeko ya Mose, Yesu yavuze amategeko abiri y’ingenzi ayakurikiranyije uburyo bukwiriye: irya mbere, “Ukundishe Uwiteka, Imana yawe umutima wawe wose n'ubugingo bwawe bwose n'ubwenge bwawe bwose,” irya kabiri, “Ukunde mugenzi wawe nk'uko wikunda” (Matayo 22:36–40). Ubuzima bwe bwagaragaje izo ngeri zombi z’urukundo mu buryo butunganye, ariko buri gihe abikurikiranya uko bikwiriye.

Mu gikorwa kimwe rukumbi cy’ubwana bwa Yesu cyanditswe mu Isezerano Rishya, ni ho bwa mbere hagaragaye uguhangana hagati y’izi nshingano ebyiri. Ku myaka cumi n’ibiri, Yosefu na Mariya bamujyanye i Yerusalemu kwizihiza Pasika, ariko we asigara mu rusengero ubwo abandi bari kumwe na bo batangiraga urugendo basubira i Nazareti. Amaherezo, Yosefu na Mariya basubiye i Yerusalemu bamusanga “yicaye hagati y’abigisha, abumva kandi ababaza ” (Luka 2:42–46).

Mariya aramubwira ati: “Dore jye na so [Yosefu] twagushatse dufite umutima uhagaze.” Ariko Yesu rabasubiza ati “Mwanshakiraga iki? Ntimuzi yuko binkwiriye kuba mu rugo rwa Data?” (Luka 2:48–49). Reba uko ijambo “Data” rikoreshejwe inshuro ebyiri muri iyi mirongo, rigaragaza inshingano ebyiri: ku Mana no ku bantu. Mu by’ukuri, Yesu yaravugaga ati: “Ibyo Data wo mu ijuru ansaba biza mbere y’ibyo uzwi nka data hano ku isi ansaba.” Ariko inkuru irakomeza iti: “Amanukana na bo [Yosefu na Mariya] ajya i Nazareti, agahora abumvira.” (Luka 2:51). Yesu amaze kurangiza inshingano ze kuri Se wo mu ijuru, yakomeje no kuba indahemuka mu byo yagombaga Yozefu, se wo ku isi. Mu buryo bwose, Yesu yari umwana w’icyitegererezo, ahuza gukiranuka imbere y’Imana no kuba indahemuka imbere ya Yozefu.

Nyuma yaho, igihe Yesu yari yaratangiye umurimo we ku mugaragaro, nyina hamwe n’abavandimwe be bashatse kuvugana nawe, ariko “Arambura ukuboko agutunga abigishwa be ati “Dore mama na bene data. Umuntu wese ukora ibyo Data wo mu ijuru ashaka, ni we mwene data, ni we mushiki wanjye, ni we mama’” (Matayo 12:46–50). Hano naho, tubonamo uburyo bwitondewe bwo gukurikiranya ibintu haherewe ku by’ingenzi. Umubano wo mu buryo bw’umwuka abigishwa bafitanye n’Imana Data, uterwa no kumvira kwabo, waje imbere y’umubano usanzwe w’amaraso yari afitanye na nyina n’abavandimwe be (batari abigishwa muri icyo gihe).

Ariko kandi, ku musaraba, kimwe mu bikorwa bya nyuma bya Yesu ni uko yashyize nyina mu maboko y’umwigishwa yakundaga, Yohana, bityo amuha umwana wo kumwitaho no kumutunga nyuma y’urupfu rwe. (Reba Yohana 19:25–27.) Nyina abonye ugiye kumwitaho, Yesu yari asoje neza inshingano ze zose nk’umuntu.

Aracyari kandi Azahora Iteka ari Umuntu!

Ni igitangaza koko kubona ko, binyuze mu gufata umubiri, Yesu yabaye umuntu nyakuri kandi wuzuye. Ariko igitangaza kiruta ibindi byose ni iki: kuva icyo gihe, ntiyigeze arekera aho kuba Umuntu! Nubwo ukuri ko guhinduka umuntu byemerwa, hari Abakristo benshi basigara batekereza ko Yesu yabaye Umuntu mu gihe gito cy’imyaka nka mirongo itatu n’itatu gusa, none ubu atakiri Umuntu. Ariko Isezerano Rishya ritwigisha ibitandukanye n’ibyo.

Yandika hashize nibura imyaka mirongo itatu Yesu azamutse mu ijuru, Pawulo yabwiye Timoteyo ati: “Kuko hariho Imana imwe, kandi hariho Umuhuza umwe w'Imana n'abantu, na we ni umuntu, ari we Yesu Kristo” (1 Timoteyo 2:5). Ibyo Pawulo yavuze byose hano biri mu gihe cya none. Yesu aracyari Umuntu. Hariho Umuntu wicaye ku ntebe y’ubwami iburyo bw’Imana, wahawe ubutware bwose bwo mu ijuru no mu isi, kandi utegeka abamarayika bose, imbaraga zose n’ubushobozi bwose. (Reba Matayo 28:18, Abefeso 1:20–21, 1 Petero 3:22.)

Abona mu buryo bwa gihanuzi iri banga ry’Umuntu-Mana uzamuwe agashyirwa iburyo bw’Imana, umuhimbyi wa Zaburi Dawidi aratangara avuga cyane ati:

“Umuntu ni iki ko umwibuka, Cyangwa umwana w'umuntu ko umugenderera? Wenze kumugira nk'Imana aburaho hato, Umwambika ubwiza n'icyubahiro nk'ikamba. Wamuhaye gutegeka ibyo waremesheje intoki zawe, Wamweguriye ibintu byose ubishyira munsi y'ibirenge bye.” (Zaburi 8:5-7)

Mu gutekereza ku ibanga ry’Imana–Muntu ari we Yesu, washyizwe hejuru akicara iburyo bw’Imana, ni nde ushobora gutanga igisubizo cyuzuye cyangwa gisoza ibindi ku kibazo kigira kiti: “Umuntu ni iki?”